Social and health aspects of sexually transmitted diseases: principles of control measures.

Although sexually transmitted diseases are on the increase worldwide inadequate reporting hinders evaluation of the scope of the problem. Trend-revealing data are needed to enable assessment of the need for and impact of control programs and high risk groups need to be identified. The 1st stage in control of venereal diseases involves the organization of services for early diagnosis and treatment and for the tracing of contacts. In many countries the priority is to establish and equip laboratories capable of performing the necessary diagnostic tests and to train staff to conduct them. Case-finding methods based on contact tracing are efficient but presuppose adequate funding and manpower a high standard of health education and adequate laboratories. Penicillin remains the most effective treatment in early stages of venereal disease. Renewed attention is being given to chemical prophylaxis. Highest research priority should be given to immunization and the development of better serolgoic tests. Since the prevention transmission diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases are heavily influenced by behavioral and sociocultural factors health education is of critical importance. The major stages in health education planning include 1) identifying high risk groups 2) defining educational objectives 3) evaluating obstacles 4) evaluating known and potential resources and 5) preparing an educational program. Increased awareness depends upon the collaboration of organizations that play an active role in the community and use of the mass media. Attention must be given to the image presented by diagnostic and early treatment services as well as to the origins of behaviors involving a high risk. Successful control of venereal disease ultimately depends on the extent to which young people have been trained to consider the health aspects of their sexual activity. Medical schools must design their curriculum to give physicians an interest in venereal diseases and diagnostic and treatment skills.