Avaliação de testes rápidos em microplacas usando indicadores de viabilidade celular para determinação da susceptibilidade de cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis à isoniazida e rifampicina

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the rates of drug resistance is one of the pillars of tuberculosis control program evaluation. Data from low-resource countries are scarce and results are delayed due to the techniques employed. There is therefore an urgent need for evaluation of faster and less onerous testing methods. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of rapid colorimetric assays for phenotyping that employ oxidation-reduction indicators to determine the susceptibility profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the gold-standard proportion method on Lowenstein-Jensen Medium. METHOD: We analyzed 166 M. tuberculosis strains of known susceptibility. Minimal inhibition concentrations for isoniazid and rifampicin were determined in microplates, using a liquid medium and Alamar Blue and tetrazolium bromide indicators. To measure agreement the Kappa value was used. Cutoff values between sensitive and resistant strains were defined as 0.2mg/mL and 1.0mg/mL for isoniazid and rifampicin, respectively. RESULTS: There was 100% concordance between Alamar Blue and tetrazolium bromide methods in the determination of minimal inhibition concentrations. Agreement between the colorimetric method and the Lowenstein-Jensen was 95% for isoniazid and rifampicin. Using the colorimetric method, results were obtained within 7 days, in contrast to the 28 days required for the conventional method. CONCLUSIONS: Assays to determine minimal inhibition concentrations in liquid medium and employing oxidation-reduction indicators proved to be rapid and inexpensive. This method has the potential to become a faster, alternative method for determining susceptibility of M. tuberculosis strains in developing countries.