Antibodies against type-I Interferon: detection and association with severe clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients

ObjectivesImpairment of type I interferon (IFN-I) immunity has been reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients. This defect can be explained by the presence of circulating autoantibodies against IFN-I. We set out to improve the detection and the quantification of such antibodies (Abs) in a cohort of severe Covid-19 patients, in an effort to better document the prevalence of these Abs as the pandemics evolves and how they correlate with the clinical course of the disease. MethodsAnti-IFN- Abs was investigated 84 critical COVID-19 patients who were admitted to ICU at the Lyon University Hospital, France with a commercially available kit (Thermo-Fisher). ResultsTwenty-one patients out of 84 (25%) had anti-IFN2 Ab above cut-off (>34ng/mL) in sera. A neutralizing activity against IFN-2 was evidenced in 15 of them, suggesting that 18% of patients were positive for neutralizing anti-IFN- and -{omega} auto-Abs. In addition, in most of patients with neutralizing IFN-I Abs, we noticed an impairment of the IFN-I response. However, we did not find any difference in terms of clinical characteristics or outcome between critical COVID-19 patients "with or without" neutralizing anti-IFN-2 auto-Abs in these conditions. Finally, we detected anti-type I IFN auto-Abs in COVID-19 patients sera were detected throughout the ICU stay. ConclusionsWe report that 18% of severe COVID-19 patients were positive for these Anti-Type-I IFN Abs, confirming the detrimental role of these Abs on the antiviral response. Our results further support the use of recombinant type I IFNs not targeted by the auto-Abs (e.g., IFN-b) in COVID-19 patients with an impaired IFN-I response.