Monitoring ecological condition in the western United States. Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), San Francisco, California, USA, 6-8 April 1999.

A. Preface M.E. McDonald. B. Introduction. C. Regional Assessments. D. Approaches to Database Design, Monitoring, & Modeling. E. Landscape Considerations. F. Water Quality and Land Use. G. Watersheds, Lakes, and Rivers. H. Marine Coastal Areas.