Magnesium-Doped MAPbI3 Perovskite Layers for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance in Humid Air Atmosphere

Despite the high efficiency of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells, the long term stability and degradation in humid atmosphere are issues that still needed to be addressed. In this work, magnesium iodide (MgI2) was first successfully used as a dopant into MAPbI3 perovskite prepared in humid air atmosphere. Mg doping decreased the valence band level, which was determined from photoelectron yield spectroscopy. Compared to the pristine MAPbI3 perovskite film, the 1.0% Mg-doped perovskite film showed increased crystal grain size and formation of pinhole-free perovskite film. Performance of the solar cell was increased from 14.2% of the doping-free solar cell to 17.8% of 1.0% Mg-doped device. Moreover, 90% of the original power conversion efficiency was still retained after storage in 30–40% relative humidity for 600 h.