Fiber-reinforced composite material and structure using same

The purpose of the present invention is to provide the following: a fiber-reinforced composite material comprising a matrix material and fibers, wherein high strength and high thermal conductivity are both achieved; a structure and brake pad using such a fiber-reinforced composite material; and fibers for realizing such a fiber-reinforced composite material. This fiber-reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising a matrix material and fibers, the fibers having rods of a metal oxide at the surface thereof, and the rate of fixation of the metal oxide to the fibers as defined in (formula 1) being 45 to 95%.