Three new sesquiterpene glycosides from Dendrobium nobile with immunomodulatory activity

Dendroside A (1) and dendronobilosides A and B (2 and 3), three new sesquiterpene glycosides, have been isolated from the stems of Dendrobium nobile, a plant used in Chinese traditional medicine. Their structures and stereochemistry were determined as 10β,12,14-trihydroxyalloaromadendrane 14-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 10,12-dihydroxypicrotoxane 10,12-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and 6α,10,12-trihydroxypicrotoxane 10-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Quantum chemistry calculations were used in support of the structural determination of 1. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to stimulate the proliferation of murine T and B lymphocytes in vitro, while compound 3 showed inhibitory activity in this same assay.