Mixing chambers in flow analysis: A review

Inclusion of a mixing chamber in a flow system is critically rev—iewed in-relation to sample dilution, improvement of mixing conditions and exploitation of exponential concentration lessening. Analytical perspectives related to the use of a mixing chamber such as time-based flow analysis, flow titrations, and analyte separation/concentration are also discussed along with the examination of several ordinary manifold components that might act as mixing chambers. The possibility of using the mixing chamber in order to accommodate or to carry out the multiple steps inherent to the specific analytical procedure or, in other words, to behave as a mini-laboratory, is also highlighted. This aspect is foreseen as a logical evolution of the lab-on-a-valve and the flow-batch concepts. The article is published in the original.