How much can our universities do in the development of cultural intelligence? A cross-sectional study among health care students.

Abstract Background Cultural intelligence reflects the competence to adapt to new cultural settings. Universities offer students various opportunities to gain cultural learning and develop cultural intelligence. However, there has been little empirical research to compare the effects of cultural learning and other related psycho-social factors in this process. Objective This study explores the importance of cultural learning and identifies the unique contribution of cultural education in universities to health care students' cultural intelligence. Design Cross-sectional survey study. Methods 271 health care students completed a survey measuring social desirability, demographics, personality, prior cultural exposure, previous cultural learning and cultural intelligence. Results Hierarchical regressions showed that cultural learning could affect cultural intelligence and its three components (i.e., metacognition, cognition, motivation, and behaviour) under the control for related psycho-social factors. However, its effect on the behavioral component was not significant. Considering the different types of cultural learning, overseas study experiences were more related to cultural intelligence, compared to in-class cultural learning. Conclusion Cultural learning, especially overseas study experiences, plays a significant role in the development of health care students' cultural intelligence.