Screening fitoquímico, atividade citotóxica e genotóxica do extrato aquoso bruto de propágulos de Rhizophora mangle L.

Rhizophora mangle L. (red mangrove) is a species with wide distribution on the Brazilian coast and contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis of human populations through different uses of its curative properties. This work aimed to identify the compounds present in the extracts of Rhizophora mangle propagules and to test their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. Thus, we prepared extracts with propagules at different stages of development: attached to the plant and already senescent. Phytochemical analysis were performed (screening, TLC and spectrophotometric). In addition, cytotoxicity tests (Artemia salina Leach. and redblood cells) and genotoxicity (Allium cepa protocol) with the crude aqueous fruit extract. We found predominantly saponins, flavonoids, tannin, phenolic compounds and terpenes as secondary metabolites found. The aqueous extract from both treatments showed toxicity compared to the assay with A. salina. The EAP (aqueous crude extract from R. mangle fruits) showed high activity and toxicity for Artemia salina metanaplains in all concentrations. The EAP performed using senescent and attached material proved to be direct among themselves (significance 5%, one-way anova (P = 0.00123)). Despite this, in both preparations of EAP in that test, the highest levels of hemolysis were reached at a concentration of 750 µg / mL. The attached EAP used in hemolytic activity showed a close dose-dependent relationship in the analysis of hemolytic percentage (R² = 0.9745). In the genotoxic activity with onion roots, the roots tended to obtain greater growth when in a lower concentration of the extract but it was not shown graphically. The concentration of 12.5% EAP was considered ideal for genotoxic experiments with Allium cepa.