Synthesis and characterization of organic substrate in the S band for application in microstrip antennas

In this work, an investigation about the use of carnauba wax as a substrate/superstrate for microstrip antennas is presented. The operating conditions of the material were established through chemical, physical, and electrical analyzes; the XDR and FT-IR allowed to validate and observe the chemical composition of the wax; the mechanical properties were obtained through the Vickers microhardness test and the digital image correlation method and the surface analysis was possible through SEM; the electrical characterization comprised the relative dielectric constant and the loss factor, and the electrical quantities were obtained for the microwave frequency (S band) using the coaxial probe method. These measures made it possible to design and manufacture microstrip antennas with a substrate of carnauba wax and with a substrate of FR4 covered with a superstrate of carnauba wax. The measured antennas obtained resonance frequency around 2.4 GHz, with a bandwidth of 80 MHz. Input impedance of Zi = 50 − j0.1 Ω in some samples and a reflection coefficient of − 46.23 dB in others were obtained.