EMS High-Altitude Field Prophylaxis And Treatment

The three illnesses associated with an ascent to altitudes 8,000 ft (high altitude) or more above sea level include: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) These represent a spectrum of diseases with similar pathophysiology but increasing severity. Successful treatment of these conditions requires accurate recognition and prompt response. The Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) publishes regularly updated evidence-based guidelines for treatment. This article summarizes the guidelines in a way that is helpful for first responders and medical personnel responding to these high-altitude emergencies.