Estudio PET/TC en patología inflamatoria-infecciosa

2012 
Objetivo. Demostrar la utilidad del examen PET/TC en patologia inflamatoria-infecciosa. Materiales y Metodos. Evaluacion retrospectiva (enero de 2009 - mayo de 2011) de los examenes de tomografia por Emision de Positrones/ Tomografia Computada (PET/TC), realizados en nuestra institucion con un equipo hibrido SIEMENS-BIOGRAPH 16 (Siemens, Erlangen, Alemania). Se seleccionaron 5 pacientes. Resultados. Caso 1: paciente de 68 anos de edad con fiebre de 6 meses de duracion, fatiga y perdida de peso. El examen reumatologico demostro disminucion en pulsos radiales sin otros sintomas asociados. La paciente fue sometida a biopsia de arteria temporal. Esta confirmo una arteritis de la arteria temporal y el estudio PET/TC demostro hipermetabolismo en la aorta toracica y ramas principales. Caso 2: paciente de 85 anos con fiebre de origen desconocido (FOD) y sospecha de osteomielitis de cadera. En contraposicion, el PET/TC demostro un foco avido de celulitis glutea y neumopatia. Caso 3: paciente de 35 anos con fiebre vespertina. El PET/TC mostro multiples adenomegalias avidas por fluorodexosiglucosa (FDG) en mediastino, axilas y retroperitoneo, y compromiso difuso esplenico asociado a calcificaciones. Se confirmo infeccion por citomegalovirus por inmuno-globulina G y M. Caso 4: paciente de 39 anos con infeccion por HIV que consulto por hipercalcemia. El PET/TC mostro implantes de silicona en gluteos con proceso inflamatorio avido asociado. Se confirmo por la biopsia de uno de ellos. Caso 5: paciente de 45 anos con historia de cancer de mama en control presento en los ultimos estudios tomograficos aumento del tamano de los ganglios supraclaviculares y mediastinicos, y compromiso esplenico multifocal difuso. Estos resultaron avidos en el examen PET/TC. Se confirmo el diagnostico de sarcoidosis por el estudio anatomopatologico de un ganglio supraclavicular. Conclusiones. El PET/TC es un metodo no invasivo de utilidad para el diagnostico y seguimiento de pacientes con FOD. Cambia la conducta en la vasculitis sin necesidad de realizar una biopsia y es considerado el metodo Gold Standard. Ademas, es util en el monitoreo del tratamiento y seguimiento en la sarcoidosis. Objective. To demonstrate the utility of PET/CT in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Materials and Methods. We evaluated retrospectively five patients with infectious and inflammatory pathology, by PET/CT scan (hybrid SIEMENS-BIOGRAPH 16, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) in the period between january 2009 and may 2011. Results. Case 1: a 68-year-old woman presented with a 6- months duration fever, fatigue, and weight loss. The rheumatologic examination showed a decrease in both radial pulses with no other associated symptoms. She underwent a temporal artery biopsy, which confirmed temporal arteritis. A PET/CT scan showed significant uptake in the thoracic aorta and major branches. Case 2: An 85-year-old patient with fever of unknown origin (FUO) was studied suspecting osteomyelitis of the hip, but on the contrary, PET/CT demonstrated an avid enhancement indicative of gluteal cellulitis and pneumonia, ruling out bone infection. Case 3: a 35-year-old woman with evening fever. PET/CT scan showed enlarged multiple FDG-avid mediastinal, axillary and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, as well as diffuse involvement of the spleen with multiple calcifications. Diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection was confirmed by positive immunoglobulin G and M. Case 4: a 39-year-old patient with HIV-infection presented with hypercalcemia. PET/CT scan showed buttocks silicone implants with associated avid inflammatory process, confirmed by biopsy. Case 5: a 45-year-old female with previous history of breast cancer under follow-up presented in recent CT scans enlarged mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes, as well as diffuse multifocal splenic involvement, all of them avid on PET / CT examination. Sarcoidosis was confirmed by a supraclavicular node excision biopsy. Conclusions. PET/CT is a noninvasive diagnostic tool useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with FUO. Especially in patients with vasculitis, it may change decisions without needing a diagnostic biopsy, as it is considered the gold standard procedure for diagnosing these entities. It is also a useful technique for follow-up and treatment monitoring in patients with sarcoidosis.
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