Selección in vitro e identificación de aislados de Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp. nativos para el control de Phymatotrichopsis omnivora

2015 
espanolSe realizaron aislamientos de Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp. con potencial antagonista para el control de Phytomatotrichopsis omnivora, patogeno del suelo que causa pudricion de raiz en varias especies vegetales conocida como “pudricion texana”. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron seleccionar e identificar a nivel de especie, cepas de Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp. recolectadas en el noroeste de Mexico, que permitan tener un eficiente control de Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. Se seleccionaron tres aislados de Trichoderma por su capacidad antagonica y comportamiento in vitro contra P. omnivora. La identificacion molecular de los aislados obtenidos (TB = aislado de bugambilia, TM = aislado de mango y TF = aislado de ficus) y de la cepa control (TN = aislado de nogal), arrojaron los siguientes resultados: las cepas TB y TM correspondieron a la especie asperellum y las cepas TF y TN a la especie virens. Las tres cepas evaluadas mostraron un alto potencial antagonico al compararse con la cepa control (TN) y seran consideradas en posteriores evaluaciones en invernadero. Todas las cepas mostraron las Clases 1 y 2 de antagonismo contra el patogeno (valores de 1,0 a 1,5), segun la escala Baker & Cook. Adicionalmente, se obtuvieron 32 aislados de Bacillus spp., de los cuales cuatro fueron seleccionados por su mayor halo de inhibicion contra Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (B6 = aislado de jatropha; B14 = aislado de mango; B18 = aislado de maiz; B21 = aislado de maiz). Los resultados de la identificacion molecular a los aislados nos indicaron que las cepas B6, B14 y B18 pertenecen a la especie cereus sensu lato, mientras que la cepa B21 a la especie subtillis. Estos resultados contribuyen al control biologico de Phymatotrichopsis omnivora que afecta gran diversidad de plantas cultivadas. EnglishIsolations of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. with high antagonistic potential to control Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, a soil pathogen responsible of root rot in several species well know as texas root rot, were realized. The aim of this study was to select and identify to a specie level, native strains collected in northern Mexico that allow them to control efficiently Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. Three Trichoderma isolates were selected for their antagonistic capacity and behavior in vitro against P. omnivora. Molecular identification of the isolates showed (TB = isolated bugambilia; TM = isolated mango; TF = isolated ficus) and the control strain (TN = isolated nogal) the following results: TB and TM strains corresponded to asperellum species and strains TF and TN to virens species. The three strains tested showed high antagonistic potential when compared to the control strain (TN) and will be considered in subsequent evaluations in greenhouses. All strains showed Classes 1 and 2 of antagonism against the pathogen (values from 1,0 to 1,5), according to the scale of Baker & Cook. At the same time, 32 isolates of Bacillus spp. were obtained and four were selected because of their greater zone of inhibition against Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (B6 = isolated jatropha; B14 = isolated mango; B18 = isolated corn; B21 = isolated corn). The results of the molecular identification of the isolates were directed to B6, B14 and B18 strains belong to the species cereus sensu lato, while the B21 strain to the species subtillis. These results contribute to biological control against Phymatotrichopsis omnivora that affects a great number of plants.
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