Understanding childbirth pain in Brazilian women: A qualitative descriptive study

Abstract Background The pain associated with childbirth is a cause of severe pain, and the literature suggests that it can be influenced by psychosocial influences, the environment, and cognitive processes, creating the overall experience of childbirth. Therefore, the investigation of women's childbirth pain experience is essential. Aim The purpose of this study is to understand women's childbirth pain and determine which influences can contribute to building different experiences. Method A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted to explore the women’s childbirth pain experiences, by understanding the influences on their experiences. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 21 women in a hospital setting in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and analysed by thematic analysis. Results Three major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) experiencing childbirth pain, (2) face-to-face with pain, and (3) empowerment needs. Discussion Many factors influence how Brazilian women manage pain and shape their experience during childbirth. The findings suggest that when women had a positive experience, they asked for minimal support, demonstrated balance, and expressed that the pain was manageable; when they had unfavourable experiences, they regarded pain as a threat and a punishment and associated it with unpleasant emotions. Conclusion The results outlined concerns that should be addressed in the provision of specific, appropriate care for women, to support them in improving their experience during childbirth.