Biliary Strictures after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: Long-Term Results of Percutaneous Treatment in Patients with Nonfeasible Endoscopic Therapy

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with percutaneous treatment of biliary strictures after orthotopic liver transplantation in adult patients without the endoscopic access possibility and to evaluate the technical outcomes and long-term clinical results of this treatment. Materials and methods Thirty percutaneous procedures were performed in adult liver transplant recipients (13 men, 17 women, mean age 46.4 years) in our institution between 1996 and 2010. Patients were treated with balloon dilatation and biliary duct drainage due to anastomotic stenosis ( n = 20), nonanastomotic stenosis ( n = 7), or due to stenosis caused by lymphoproliferation ( n = 3). The percutaneous procedure was the first line of treatment due to hepaticojejunoanastomosis ( n = 18) or after unsuccessful endoscopic therapy ( n = 12). Results Technical success was achieved in 27 patients (90%). The remaining three patients only achieved external drainage with subsequent surgery. There were two complications (6.3%). Long-term clinical success, defined as the absence of clinical, laboratory, or sonographic signs of stricture recurrence was achieved in 22 patients (73.3%) for a mean follow-up of 5.8 years. Conclusion Percutaneous treatment—balloon dilatation and biliary duct drainage—is a first-line option to manage biliary duct strictures in liver recipient, when endoscopic treatment is not possible or unsuccessful. It has a high technical success rate and low complication rate with favorable long-term results.