Numerical simulation of weld pool dynamics using a SPH approach

In this paper, we present a numerical model for the calculation of weld pool dynamics and the resulting weld seam structure with regard to the arc forces. The model uses an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and is suitable for three-dimensional calculations with a high spatial resolution at low computational costs. The model is applied to a GTAW process, where the arc forces as well as the arc heat input is modelled on the basis of known values from measurement and literature. The validity of the model is shown for different arc currents by comparison of the calculated penetration profile with measurements. Finally, the model is used to perform parameter studies on the influence of the arc pressure and the arc shear on the penetration profile. The parameter studies show the strong influences of the arc forces on the penetration depth.