Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection

: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful in reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections. However, non-AIDS-defining conditions, including liver-related events, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and non-AIDS-defining malignancies have gained importance as a cause of morbidity and mortality in the era of ART. Several recommended combination regimens are available for the initial treatment of HIV infection and there are now reasonably safe and well-tolerated options for first-line regimens. In the next few years, antiretrovirals from new drug classes may expand options of anti-HIV drugs. ART may be considered in some patients with a CD4 cell count greater than 500cells/ mm3 for reduction in risk of non-AIDS events. But adherence should be considered in the decision of when to initiate life-long therapy.