Treatment and follow-up of premalignant cervix lesions

INTRODUCTION. The incidence of cervix cancer in Cuba has not decreased. In 2006, 1512 cases were diagnosed and 473 females died due to this disease. The diagnosis should be made and the treatment should be applied during the preinvasive stage. The present study was aimed at evaluating the cervix conization as a diagnostic and therapeutic conservative method in patients with intraepithelial cervix neoplasia and at knowing the results obtained with this therapeutic modality. METHODS. A retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted with the medical histories of patients undergoing cone biopsy with cold blade at the gynecology service of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology from January 2000 to December 2003. The minimal follow-up was 3 years, with serial colpocytology every six months and with an adequate sample for the diagnosis by Papanicolau's method. The investigated variables were age, gynecoobstetric history, anatomopathological diagnosis, and result of the follow-up by Papanicolau's test. RESULTS. In 28 % of the patients the disease recurred within the first 2 years of the control follow-up and the lesions were considered as high degree, according to Bethesda's classification. CONCLUSIONS. It was concluded that the cone is an efficient, useful and effective diagnostic method to treat low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, and that its efficiency decreases as the lesion degree increases.