Circular Economics and Thermochemical Conversion of Solid Waste

The basic thermochemical methods of solid waste processing (SWP) have been considered within the framework of circular and classical linear economy. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods, the prospects of their industrial use and the presence of world leaders in the development of technologies for processing industrial and household waste, and in the production of necessary industrial equipment were analyzed. It has been shown that the energy recycling industry (ERI), namely waste incineration, does not meet the criteria for safety for human health and the environment, which were declared by the Committee on Innovation, Competitiveness and Public-Private Partnership of the UN Economic and Social Council in published "Guidelines for the Promotion of Public-Private Partnership Projects for the Benefit of People in the Field of Converting Waste into Energy in the Interests of Closed-Cycle Economy Development". The possibility and efficiency of using gasification of waste with the use of modern plasma technologies in the use of low-temperature (350…490 °C) pyrolysis has been shown. It has been established that the high-tech method of gasification of waste is the most promising, because it allows in the circular economy to use synthesis gas to produce synthetic gasoline and oils, as well as raw materials in organic synthesis. Emphasis is placed on the decarbonization of organic waste recycling in a circular economy, as well as on the need for integration in the transition period to a new energy system, rather than segregation of existing technologies, both at the technical and commercial levels. It has been shown that the decarbonization of the processing of organic waste in the circular economy is primarily associated with a reduction in their incineration and recycling by other more technological methods.