Immediate Development of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula After Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization: First Angiographic Demonstration

Background Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are vascular lesions consisting of a pathologic high-flow connection between dural arteries and veins or dural sinuses. Small DAVFs shunts have been demonstrated to exist physiologically, but as their estimated diameter is around 8–12 μm, they are not visible even on high-quality angiography studies. Case Description We report 2 cases of immediate development of a DAVF after embolization with microparticles of the middle meningeal artery for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Conclusions This report represents the first description of sudden development of a DAVF after endovascular embolization of an intracranial artery and may shed light on the pathophysiology and development of DAVFs.