Propagation of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Italy and contribution to the early detection of infestations by the use of electronic nose

In Italy, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus was first recorded in a nursery in Tuscany in 2004 and then in Sicily and Campania in 2005. In few years it rapidly spread throughout many other regions having a considerable population of Phoenix canariensis palms. According to the data provided by the national plant health service, 40,000 palms died. The red palm weevil was mainly detected on P. canariensis, but other occasional infestations were detected also on other genera and species. The European Union compelled all the member states to perform rigorous phytosanitary controls and equip each palm marketed with a green passport. The regulations required also the implementation of a “Nationwide action plan” and the definition of “border areas”. When the phytophagous is detected, each member state must implement the action plan to define the phytosanitary measures to combat and limit the red weevil’s spread. Today the struggle against the red palm weevil relies on early detection of infestations. If they are at an early stage we can apply several experimental methods or the mechanical removal of the infested areas. The aim is to slow down the spread of the phytophagous across the surrounding areas. We tried to develop a method for an early diagnosis using tools that are capable of detecting and recognizing several volatile molecular compounds connected with the presence of the red weevil. The e-nose could soon become an important help during the phytosanitary controls in the nursery, in the field and during the transport of palms.