A Sputum Proteomic Signature That Associates with Increased IL-1β Levels and Bacterial Exacerbations of COPD

Purpose Activation of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway has been implicated in COPD, but the proportion of COPD subjects whose disease is principally driven by activation of this pathway is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to differentiate an IL-1β-associated sputum signature from other inflammation-associated COPD phenotypes.