Inmunidad frente a SARS-CoV-2: caminando hacia la vacunación
2020
The coronavirus are a wide group of viruses among that
the SARS-CoV-2 is included (family Coronaviridae, subfamily
Coronavirinae, genus Betacoronavirus and subgenus Sarbecovirus). Its main structural proteins are the membrane (M), the
envelope (E), the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S). The immune
response to SARS-CoV-2 involves the cellular and the humoral sides, with neutralizing antibodies fundamentally directed
against the S antigen. Although the seroprevalence data are
frequently assumed as protection markers, no necessarily they
are. In Spain, it is estimated that, to assure the herd immunity,
at least four-fifths of the population should be immunoprotected. Due the high fatality rate of COVID-19, the acquisition
of the protection only by the natural infection it not assumable and other measures as the mass immunization are required. Currently, there are several vaccine prototypes (including
life virus, viral vectors, peptides and proteins and nucleic acid)
in different phase of clinical evaluation. Foreseeably, some of
these news vaccines would be son commercially available. In
this text, aspects related to these issues are reviewed.
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