Photoacoustic and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies in reduced lead zirconate titanate ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is known to become a semiconductor after reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere. An attempt is made here to characterize the reduced, as well as the unreduced, PZT system with the help of photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and to obtain useful information regarding its electronic behaviour.