Bladder biomechanics and the use of scaffolds for regenerative medicine in the urinary bladder

Clinical conditions that cause poor bladder compliance, reduced capacity, and incontinence can require bladder augmentation or use of regenerative techniques and scaffolds. Replicating an organ that is under frequent mechanical loading and unloading needs particular attention to its biomechanical requirements. In this Review, the authors describe the biomechanics of the bladder and discuss how different scaffolds and techniques can be assessed to determine the best possible approach to bladder augmentation.