Simulating the impact of heavy rain on leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) in semi-aerobic landfill.

Abstract In Japan, approximately 64% of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) is landfilled. Because landfills in Japan are operated without capping, the landfill body is directly exposed to climatic events. Increased frequency of heavy rain is predicted to affect the chemical stabilization of bottom ash (BA) landfill, as rainwater seeps into and interacts with landfill components. This study examined the effect of normal rainfall (15 mm/h) and heavy rainfall (25, 50, and 100 mm/h) events on the leaching behavior of ions (Cl−, Na+, K+, and Ca2+) and total organic carbon (TOC) in BA (