New fluorinated copolymers, their use for the coating and impregnation of substrates, and thus treated substrates

The invention concerns a fluorinated cationic copolymer obtained from a composition comprising for 100 parts by weight: 5 to 92 parts by weight of at least a polyfluorinated monomer (I); 0.10 to 25 parts by weight of at least a monomer (II) (III) or (IV); 0 to 20 parts by weight of at least an anionic or potentially anionic monomer by Ph variation; 0 to 25 parts by weight of at least a vinyl monomer (V): CH2=CHR ; 0 to 60 parts by weight of at least a monomer (VI); 0 to 10 parts by weight of at least a monomer capable of inducing post-crosslinking of the fluorinated copolymer during or after the formation of a coating of said fluorinated copolymer on a substrate; and 0 to 25 parts by weight of at least a monomer (VII): R , R = H or one of the two = H and the other = C1-C4 alkyl; A = bivalent chain formation bound to O by a carbon atom and capable of comprising one or several oxygen and/or sulphur and/or nitrogen atoms; Rf = perfluorinated C2-C20radical with linear or branched chain,; R , R , R , R = H or CH3; R , R , R , R , R = H, C1-C18 alkyl, benzyl or hydroxyethyl; X , X = monovalent anion; R = alkylcarboxylate, alkylether, or C1-C18 alkyl; m = 0 or 1; R = C1-C6 alkylene capable of being substituted by at least a hal; m = 0 or an integer from 1 to 11, inclusively; R = C1-C32 alkyl capable of being substituted by at least a hal, or cycloalkyl capable of being substituted by at least a hal; R = H or C1-C4 alkyl; A = C1-C4 linear or branched alkylene; R , R = H, C1-C18 linear or branched alkyl or hydroxyethyl or benzyl, or R and R together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bound from a morpholino, piperidino or pyrrolidinyl radical.