DPD Algorithm for Moving Source Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts: Case of Known Waveforms

We focus on the Direct position determination (DPD) of a moving narrowband source based on Doppler frequency shifts of signals with known waveforms. Two common motion models are considered: the Constant velocity (CV) model and the Constant acceleration (CA) model. The DPD cost function is obtained after some algebraic manipulations using the Maximum likelihood (ML) criterion. To develop a computationally efficient optimization algorithm, we present a preliminary mathematical result that plays a fundamental role in development of the proposed algorithm. Subsequently, a Newton iterative algorithm is tailored to the two motion models to determine the moving transmitter's trajectory. When compared with multidimensional grid searching, the proposed algorithm is more computationally attractive without compromising its estimation accuracy.Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm.