Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Role as Biofertilizers in Forestry

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) play a fundamental role in the nutrient cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in forest ecosystems. In this chapter, the value of ECMF species is reviewed from a global framework, not only to increase the production of edible fruit bodies and biomass of plants but also for the regular practices of reforestation and restoration of ecosystems, with implicit applications in biofertilization, bioremediation, and control of soil pathogens. The valuation of the ECMF in forest management must be considered fundamental for innovation and sustainable development. Ecological functions and bioactive compounds of the ECMF of interest to mankind are briefly reviewed. The direct implications of the ECMFs in forestry are described. To do so, its role as a biotechnological tool in forest nursery production is briefly analyzed, as well as the role of MHB bacteria (mycorrhizal helper bacteria). Subsequently, the direct role as biofertilizers of the ECMF in forest management is discussed: reforestation, plantation management, and ecosystem restoration.