Cigarette smoke inhalation potentiates elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters

Cigarette smoke is shown, in this study, to potentiate emphysema induced by intratracheal administration of elastase, whereas elastase alone caused minimal disease. Elastase treated hamsters with prior or ongoing smoke exposure uniformly had severe emphysema with decreases in lung elastic recoil and increases in mean linear intercept (Lm). In contrast, hamsters receiving elastase alone, cigarette smoke alone, or postelastase cigarette smoke developed no or barely detectable histopathologic evidence of emphysema. Lungs from these animals had normal elastic recoil and Lm. These data support the idea that cigarette smoke exposure may unmask or amplify protease-induced emphysema caused by acute lung injury.