Cost of Alternative Effluent Treatments for Catfish Production

impact of effluent discharge from aquaculture facilities is a growing concern among policy makers. Since 1974, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulated discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States under authority of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. In some states, the NPDES permits have been applied to effluents from aquaculture facilities. These regulations may cause farmers to consider alternative production methods for either effluent removal or reduction.