Capacity and Security Analysis of Multi-mode Orbital Angular Momentum Communications

Physical layer security is a cross research hotspot of information security and wireless communications. Recently, orbital angular momentum (OAM) technology has attracted widespread attention due to its potential of improving capacity and spectrum efficiency. However, there are few researches on system security based on OAM technology. In this work, we studied the security of the proposed OAM wiretap system by applying physical layer security theory to OAM communications. Firstly, we proposed a uniform circular array-based multi-mode OAM system and derived the secrecy capacity. Secondly, the phase profiles, channel capacity and received power of OAM beams are analyzed in terms of various system parameters in oblique scenarios at 30GHz. Thirdly, we discussed the security of the proposed OAM wiretap system. The results show that the system using vortex waves is superior to conventional communication systems using planar electromagnetic waves in terms of system security due to the inherent divergence and spiral phase structure of OAM beams. Moreover, we found that the distortion of OAM beams during transmission and the center shift at receiving end will occur and that system is more stable for high-mode OAM propagation in oblique scenarios. This work can provide an effective guidance for the research and application of OAM communications.