An overview of climatic anomalies associated with El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at Southern Space Observatory (29°S, 53°W)

The Southern of South America is one of the extratropical regions most affected by El Nino and La Nina events. In this work, anomalies in terms of pluviometry, surface temperature, ozone and biologically-effective solar radiation and associations with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) at Southern Space Observatory, located at Sao Martinho da Serra, RS, south of Brazil (29° S, 53° W) are reported. The principal effect of ENSO was verified on the pluviometry and ozone, being more pronounced in ElNino periods. In terms of pluviometry, these influences are clearly visualized in spring, which is the characteristic season of the El-Nino begins. The analyses of ozone anomalies suggest a reduction of total ozone amount at El-Nino anomalies (negative phase of ENSO), while in years of La-Nina (positive phase of ENSO) the behavior of ozone anomalies was no conclusive, or the same to normal years. It could be because there was not a strong episode of La-Nina in all period analyzed unlike El-Nino. Considering the temperature and the biologically active radiation anomalies, the results are still partially inconsistent, due probably to influence of extrinsic factors further ENSO.