Antenna-on-Display and Antenna-in-Package Technologies for Beyond 5G Cellular Handsets: State of the Art and Prospects

The evolution of mobile communication technologies has introduced unprecedented challenges surrounding 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) and 6G sub-Terahertz antenna technologies. It is also envisioned that modular, compact phased array antenna systems featuring multi-functionality and wide/multi operating spectrum will be deployed in future wireless applications. Among them, the integration of phased array systems into cellular handsets are persisting challenges due to random mobility and limited real-estate, and energy efficiency.