What’s flexible in behavioral flexibility?

Lay SummaryBehavioral flexibility is measured using a plethora of non-equivalent tasks. In experimental psychology, tests include reversal learning, set-shifting and self-control tasks. In addition to the latter tasks, behavioral ecologists have measured behavioral flexibility with tasks that include problem-solving and personality tests. A relationship between behavioral flexibility assessments, especially in behavioral ecology, still needs to be demonstrated. We argue that using a single umbrella term that incorporates too many unrelated traits should be avoided.