Optimized Gain Proportional Navigation law for compensation a Delay in Line-Of-Sight Rate

The guidance of homing missiles with low-cost seekers is a common problem due to the delayed line-of-sight rate. This paper presents a novel approach to overcome this problem. The fixed navigation gain in guidance law is exchanged with a variable gain. This leads to guidance with flexible and adaptive performance. The formulation of the variable navigation gain is optimized using the genetic algorithm. A reasonable performance is achieved for various delay values up to one second. The optimum gain compensates for the delay, enhances the kinematic boundary, and improves the probability of kill by decreasing the miss distance.