Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asian Indians: A cross-sectional study

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important etiology for the development of chronic liver disease worldwide. Its pathophysiology includes chronic low-grade inflammation. There are limited studies on the association of inflammatory markers with NAFLD. Hence, in the present research, we aimed to study the association of one such inflammatory marker hs-CRP with NAFLD in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 100 subjects of either sex above 18 years of age, being diagnosed as a case of NAFLD on the basis of ultrasonography and age, sex and BMI matched subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Anthropometric profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HbA1c, and hepatic function tests were recorded. Results: The baseline variables were matched for age, weight, BMI, waist-hip circumference ratio, and blood pressure. The HbA1c (P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.002), alkaline phosphatase (0.002), and hs-CRP (P < 0.001) were elevated in subjects with NAFLD. The mean level of hs-CRP was significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD as compared to the control group (3.12 +/- 1.42 mg/L vs 1.05 +/- 0.44 mg/L, P < 0.001). The mean hs-CRP level was 1.42 +/- 0.55 mg/L in grade 1, 0.98 +/- 0.72 mg/L in grade 2 with P < 0.001, and 4.5 +/- 1.11 mg/L in grade 3 with P < 0.001 when compared to grade 1.The comparative value of hs-CRP in the control group was found to be 1.05 +/- 0.44 mg/L. On univariate analysis waist-hip circumference ratio (P = 0.035), HbA1c (P < 0.001), and hs-CRP (P < 0.001), showed a significant association with NAFLD. On logistic regression hs-CRP was found to have significant association with NAFLD even after adjusting waist-hip circumference ratio and HbA1C (odds ratio 1.311, 95% confidence interval 1.146-1.488, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this cohort of north Indian population, hs-CRP showed independent relationships with NAFLD. Thus, hs-CRP may be used as a surrogate marker for the disease severity in NAFLD.