Biofilm in dermatology

Biofilms represent densely packed aggregates of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance, helping in their attachment to biotic and abiotic surfaces conferring them survival advantage in unfavorable conditions. The stages in biofilm formation are complex, the knowledge of which is important as their role in a diverse range of dermatological diseases is being constantly unraveled. Due to their chronic persistent nature, inability of routine culture techniques to detect them and their resistance to standard antimicrobial therapy, they pose a unique challenge to the treating clinician. Although various novel treatment options are available, they show varying degrees of efficacy and the eradication of biofilm in cutaneous diseases still remains enigmatic. Hence, better understanding of their molecular biology, pathogenesis, and role in various diseases can help in the development of potential therapeutic strategies against biofilms in the future.