DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF THE "VOSKRESENSKY SHALE" COMPOSITE SERIES

The Voskresensky formation of the Krevyakinsky horizon of the Kasimovsky stage of the Upper Carboniferous system (C 3 vs) − so-called "Voskresensky shale" − may serve as an example of mesolayers that include macrolayers with sharply distinct properties. A section of this series varies greatly both in the vertical direction and along the strike of the rock. The mesolayers of such a structure may be viewed as composite materials (composites). The soil mass of the Voskresensky formation represents an irregular alternation of interlayers comprising particulate and rocky soil of varying composition and state, and exhibiting different deformability and strength. Among the components (phases) of the composite, we can identify a filler material (matrix) and a reinforcing element (inclusion) that have some relative volume concentration and are found in a definite mutual relationship. The principal base types of composites in terms of mutual component relationship may exhibit a layered structure (a stratiform composite), contain reinforcing elements in the form of particles (a dispersive composite) or long fibers (a fibered composite). When different materials are combined, each of them contributes its quality to a certain degree.