Natural Convective Heat Transfer Flow of Nanofluids Inside a Quarter-Circular Enclosure Using Nonhomogeneous Dynamic Model

In this paper, we have studied the problem of two-dimensional transient convective flow and heat transfer in nanofluids in a quarter-circular-shaped enclosure using newly proposed nonhomogeneous dynamic mathematical model. The round wall of the enclosure is maintained at constant low temperature and the variable thermal condition on the bottom heated wall is considered, whereas the vertical wall is regarded as adiabatic. The enclosure is permeated by an inclined uniform magnetic field. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method has been employed to solve the governing nondimensional partial differential equations. The result shows that 1- to 10-nm-sized nanoparticles are uniform and stable in the solution. The external magnetic field and its direction control the flow pattern of nanofluid significantly. The average Nusselt number increases significantly, as nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic field inclination angle and Rayleigh number increase. Average Nusselt number of cobalt–kerosene nanofluid is much higher than other 17 types of nanofluids which are studied in the present analysis. The flow behaviors and the heat transfer rates of 18 types of nanofluids have been presented for the scientific and engineering community to become familiar with such nanofluids and apply them in practical applications.