Study of blood groups in the population and its correlation with the presentation of Covid-19

Background: SARS-CoV-2 enters the host'scell through the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme2 (ACE2) as well as the CD9 proteins.Meanwhile, the cell's mitochondria release freeradicals and DAMPs activating HIF-a/Sirtuincausing a hyperinflammatory state. Severe presentations can evolve into Cytokine Storm. Lowlevels of ABO antibodies have a higher risk ofinfection, specifically, anti-A because it inhibitsACE2's expression. O groups are the least susceptible to develop thrombosis, vascular and respiratory dysfunction, but when infected theyrequire more oxygen.Objective: Correlate blood groups and COVID-19 severity.Methods: Meta search engines such as PubMedwere used to analyze the literature regarding ourreview.Results: Evidence suggests that the severity ofthe infection is influenced by blood groups andother comorbidities, as these factors interact withvarious immune-system molecules. Also, theseverity associates with the specific immunological pathway the virus activate mainly on cells withan ACE-2 receptorDiscussion: Further investigation is needed tofully comprehend the immunologic and molecularmechanisms that differ between blood groups andresult in different manifestations of COVID-19.Identifying these factors in a patient may lead toopportune management, being able to prevent thedisease before it becomes life-threatening.Conclusion: Blood groups have shown epidemiological importance on account of the variability inrisk of infection and severity throughout the different blood types. Blood types O and RH (-) arereferred to as the least susceptible to COVID-19infection, even considered protective factors, compared to other blood types, due to the presence ofanti-A antibodies that downregulate the expressionof ACE2. On the other hand, A groups are themost likely to develop complications, higher mortality, and the need for mechanical ventilation.