Characterization of Ni-exchanged montmorillonites by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X.p.s. binding energies and Auger-electron kinetic energies of some Ni-exchanged montmorillonites have been measured. The results are discussed in terms of the bonding states of the elements and their relation to the montmorillonite structure. It is shown that the preparation procedure influences the chemical and structural environment of both the interlamellar and the constituent clay elements.