Inferior vena cava filter thrombosis: An overview

The leading long term and undervalued impediment associated with inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement is said to be increased risk of venous thrombosis within and below the IVC. Anticoagulation remains the mainstay treatment preference for the management of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Now and then, it is not viable due to bleeding complications or, occasionally, breakthrough PE associated with this treatment method. In these patients, the development of vena cava filters was a significant advancement in their management. Patients with IVC filters predominantly the ones placed with permanent filters are considered to be at a greater risk for the development of recurrent DVT. Cautious applications of IVC filters, along with retrieval of temporary IVC filters in good time, significantly diminishe the risk of IVC thrombosis. The proof of connection of IVC thrombosis with each of the following factors is known: Population demographics, history of or preexisting hypercoagulable states/anticoagulation, the manner in which the thrombus is assessed, and the duration since the filter employment. Most cases of IVC filter thrombosis are asymptomatic. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is a preferred imaging modality compared to Doppler sonography. Here in this article, we attempt to discuss briefly the present ideas concerned with the indications of IVC filters along with the prevalence, risks, and management of IVC filter thrombosis.