Prevencin de la nusea y el vmito postoperatorios

RESUMENLa nausea y el vomito postoperatorio (NVPO) es una complicacion frecuente en cirugia. Es un factor que impidela salida temprana en pacientes de cirugia ambulatoria y es una causa de readmisiones inesperadas. Ademas,existen altos niveles de incomodidad y de insatisfaccion asociados con la NVPO. En pacientes de alto riesgo laincidencia de NVPO esta entre 70% y 80%. La evidencia sugiere que la profilaxis sistematica para NVPO no escosto-efectiva. Aunque se pretende que en pacientes de alto riesgo se debe hacer profilaxis farmacologica yterapia de rescate en los episodios de NVPO, el abordaje optimo de tratamiento no es claro para la mayoria delos anestesiologos. El objetivo de este manuscrito es revisar la prevencion farmacologica de la nausea y elvomito postoperatorios.Palabras clave: Anestesia, prevencion, nausea y vomito, incidencia, factores del paciente, factores quirurgicos.ABSTRACTPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of surgery. It is a limiting factor in theearly discharge of ambulatory surgery and is cause of unanticipated hospital admission. Equally important arethe high levels of patient discomfort and dissatisfaction associated with PONV. Among high-risk patients, theincidence of PONV can be as frequent as 70% to 80%. Evidence suggests that systematic PONV prophylaxis isnot cost-effective. Although some advocate prophylactic antiemetic therapy for high-risk patients and rescueantiemetic treatment for episodes of PONV, the optimal approach to management remains unclear to manyanaesthesiologists. The objective of this review was to assess the prevention of postoperative nausea andvomiting by drugs.Keywords: Anaesthesia, prevention, vomiting and nausea, incidence, patient factors, surgical factors.