Bike fitting para el rendimiento y la prevención de lesiones en ciclistas de ruta aficionados y profesionales

2020 
espanolProblema: para una practica segura del ciclismo, el diseno de la bicicleta se debe ajustar a las medidas antropometricas de cada sujeto, segun los principios de la mecanica del movimiento del cuerpo humano. Por medio de la observacion estatica y dinamica de la posicion del individuo sobre la bicicleta, se puede determinar la postura de mayor confort para el ciclista, mejorar su desempeno y prevenir lesiones. Sin embargo, aun no existe un protocolo de bike fitting que considere todas las variables que afectan la correcta postura del ciclista. Objetivo: elaborar un protocolo de bike fitting que incluya todas las medidas antropometricas y goniometricas analizadas en investigaciones previas. Metodo: se realizo una revision documental sobre el ajuste biomecanico de la postura del ciclista, teniendo en cuenta las medidas antropometricas. Resultado: a partir de la revision de literatura, se elaboro un protocolo de bike fitting agrupando las medidas antropometricas y goniometricas identificadas. Conclusion: para hacer compatible el rendimiento deportivo con el cuidado de la salud, es de gran importancia implementar protocolos accesibles y de facil comprension para quienes practican ciclismo en sus distintas finalidades y modalidades, buscando con ello prevenir lesiones, cuidar la salud y mejorar el desempeno deportivo. EnglishProblem: for the safe practice of cycling, the design of the bicycle must adjust to the anthropometric measurements of each subject, according to the principles of the mechanics of the movement of the human body. By means of the static and dynamic observation of the individual's position on the bicycle, the posture of greater comfort for the cyclist can be determined, improve his performance and prevent injuries. However, there is still no bike fitting protocol that considers all the variables that affect the correct posture of the cyclist. Objective: to develop a bike fitting protocol that includes all anthropometric and goniometric measurements analyzed in previous research. Method: a documentary review was carried out on the biomechanical adjustment of the cyclist's posture, considering anthropometric measurements. Result: from the literature review, a bike fitting protocol was prepared, grouping the identified anthropometric and goniometric measurements. Conclusion: to make sports performance compatible with health care, it is of great importance to implement accessible and easily understood protocols for those who practice cycling in its different purposes and modalities, thereby seeking to prevent injuries, take care of health and improve performance sports.
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