Comparison of PAE with Other Treatments in BPH

Currently, various treatment options are available for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), mainly including medical therapy, open prostatectomy (OP), transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), and minimally invasive treatment, such as holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP), greenlight laser prostatectomy, photovaporization of the prostate, etc. [1–4]. Medical therapy, including the use of alpha-1-Blocker and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, has been considered first-line treatment [5]. Surgical treatments are used for treatment in patients who are failed in medical treatment [6]. European Association of Urology suggests that TURP is considered as the standard therapy for patients with prostate volume (PV) ranges from 30 to 80 cm3, OP or HoLEP are considered as the gold standard when PV larger than 80 cm3 [2, 3, 7]. However, each treatment method has its advantages and disadvantages. The medication may affect blood pressure and sexual function. Surgical treatment is associated with prolonged hospitalization, postoperative pain, retrograde ejaculation, sexual dysfunction, and hemorrhage [3, 8–10].