Leadership styles of Vietnamese higher education leaders: Transformational, transac-tional, or laissez-faire

Significant reforms are currently underway in Vietnamese higher education since it is in the phase of transformation to improve the higher education system. In implementing higher education reforms, leaders play a key role. This paper reports on phase one of a multi-method research: a quantitative approach using the multifactor leadership questionnaire to investigate the Vietnamese higher education leaders' leadership styles (i.e. transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership) to support the quality improvement in Vietnamese higher education.