Assessment of Melt Desulfurization in a Ladle-Furnace Unit

We will estimate the distribution of sulfur and its final concentration in melt that is in equilibrium with slag, by simulation of the reducing properties of metal and slag during ladle treatment [1, 2]. In ladle–furnace treatment of steel, the addition of reducing agent (silicon) to the ladle reduces the oxida� tion of the slag. The added silicon also reduces the oxi� dation of the melt and increases the activity of the sul� fur. At the same time, lime is added to the ladle, to bind the silicon dioxide that forms and increase the basicity of the slags. The slag evidently absorbs sulfur, as follows from these results and the analysis of exper� imental and modeling data regarding the slag compo� sition [3]. In the calculations, we make the following assump� tions.