GIS Developments for Ecosystem-Based Marine Spatial Planning and the Challenges Faced in Indonesia

Aiming to lessen degradations and effects on marine ecosystems, Marine Spatial Planning is used as a management method with a purpose to guide development and use within the marine environment. The stages of Marine Spatial Planning are spatial data collection, data management, data analysis, and decision support systems. This method requires tools to be able to achieve the goals effectively. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing can easily and effectively be used to access and summarize spatial data into information for evaluating the Marine Spatial planning projects. GIS and remote sensing obviously have an essential function in Marine Spatial Planning in terms of its opportunities and its capabilities for development and projections in the future. This review is intended to produce critical description on the study of GIS for marine spatial planning. Furthermore, this review is intended to foresee the challenges faced in GIS and remote sensing implementation in Indonesia.